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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 11, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	BioNano Genomics, Inc
Entity Central Index Key	0001411690
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	BNGO
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,096,407
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 0

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 16,522,729	$ 1,021,897
Accounts receivable, net	4,514,333	3,352,214
Inventory	1,068,557	1,693,742
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	919,500	1,071,512
Total current assets	23,025,119	7,139,365
Property and equipment, net	1,777,302	3,005,788
Total assets	24,802,421	10,145,153
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,351,736	2,302,964
Accrued expenses	2,900,129	3,508,894
Deferred revenue	270,998	211,697
Preferred stock warrant liability	0	3,898,944
Current portion of long-term debt	0	6,729,752
Total current liabilities	4,522,863	16,652,251
Long-term debt, net of current portion	9,029,374	0
Long-term deferred revenue	304,467	142,929
Other non-current liabilities	808,366	567,047
Total liabilities	14,665,070	17,362,227
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 and 243,160,120 shares authorized at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; 10,055,072 and 77,257 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	1,004	8
Additional paid-in capital	82,898,775	4,038,817
Accumulated deficit	(72,762,428)	(54,266,036)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	10,137,351	(50,227,211)
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	24,802,421	10,145,153
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	61,847
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	842,845
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	359,593
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	5,547,841
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	4,838,379
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	$ 0	$ 31,359,632

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized		218,044,977
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding		121,992,497
Preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	243,160,120
Common stock, shares issued	10,055,072	77,257
Common stock, shares outstanding	10,055,072	77,257
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	418,767
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	345,587
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	345,587
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	8,101,042
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	8,058,170
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	8,058,170
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	7,523,734
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	3,437,950
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	3,437,950
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	23,357,047
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	23,357,047
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	23,357,047
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	52,835,720
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	20,652,486
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	20,652,486
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	125,808,667
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	66,141,257
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	66,141,257

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 12,000,735	$ 9,505,043
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	8,711,326	6,030,512
Operating expense:
Research and development	9,484,163	12,009,170
Selling, general and administrative	14,220,331	14,079,658
Impairment of property and equipment	0	604,511
Total operating expenses	23,704,494	26,693,339
Loss from operations	(20,415,085)	(23,218,808)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense	(1,381,024)	(590,927)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	3,991,081	751,933
Other expense	(675,853)	(289,010)
Total other income (expenses)	1,934,204	(128,004)
Loss before income taxes	(18,480,881)	(23,346,812)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	(15,511)	(18,552)
Net loss	$ (18,496,392)	$ (23,365,364)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted (USD per share)	$ (2.61)	$ (8.65)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted (shares)	7,077,126	2,701,065
Product revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 11,463,173	$ 8,769,704
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	8,562,042	5,958,537
Other revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	537,562	735,339
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 149,284	$ 71,975

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)	Total	Initial Public Offering	Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Common Stock	Common Stock Initial Public Offering	Common Stock Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital Initial Public Offering	Additional Paid-in Capital Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Accumulated Deficit	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock	Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock	Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering
Convertible Preferred Stock (Shares), Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		29,166,671
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 13,766,022
Convertible Preferred Stock (Shares), Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	121,992,497										345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ (27,258,972)			$ 7			$ 3,641,693			$ (30,900,672)
Beginning Balance (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2016				70,177.5
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of convertible preferred stock	0																				$ 17,593,610
Issuance of convertible preferred stock (Shares)																					36,974,586
Stock option exercises	14,295			$ 1			14,294
Stock option exercises (Shares)				7,079
Stock-based compensation expense	382,830						382,830
Net loss	(23,365,364)									(23,365,364)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	(50,227,211)			$ 8			4,038,817			(54,266,036)
Ending Balance (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2017				77,257
Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of preferred stock and convertible debt		$ (43,010,137)	$ (14,898,327)		$ (285)	$ (323)		$ (43,009,852)	$ (14,898,004)			$ (61,847)		$ (842,845)		$ (359,593)		$ (5,547,841)		$ (4,838,379)		$ (31,359,632)
Conversion of preferred stock and convertible debt (Shares)					(2,850,280)	(3,239,294)						(345,587)		(8,058,170)		(3,437,950)		(23,357,047)		(20,652,486)		(66,141,257)
Convertible Preferred Stock (Shares), Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018											0		0		0		0		0		0
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018											$ 0		$ 0		$ 0		$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock option exercises	3,499						3,499
Stock option exercises (Shares)				2,062
IPO Units		19,389,978			$ 386			19,389,592
IPO Units (Shares)					3,864,000
Conversion of preferred stock and convertible debt		$ 43,010,137	$ 14,898,327		$ 285	$ 323		$ 43,009,852	$ 14,898,004			$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Conversion of preferred stock and convertible debt (Shares)					2,850,280	3,239,294						345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants	84,676						84,676
Stock-based compensation expense	1,193,873						1,193,873
Issue Warrants for services	165,000						165,000
Issuance of common stock for Employee Stock Purchase Plan	$ 115,464			$ 2			115,462
Issuance of common stock for Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Shares)	22,179			22,179
Net loss	$ (18,496,392)									(18,496,392)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 10,137,351			$ 1,004			$ 82,898,775			$ (72,762,428)
Ending Balance (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2018				10,055,072

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Stock issuance cost	$ 154,191

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (18,496,392)	$ (23,365,364)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation expense	1,320,521	1,504,042
Accrued interest on convertible note	568,483	0
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	(3,991,081)	(751,933)
Stock-based compensation	1,193,873	382,830
Provision for bad debt expense	(262,000)	262,000
Inventory write-off	1,287,000	364,437
Impairment of property and equipment	0	604,511
Accretion of debt discount	181,991	96,576
Loss on debt extinguishment	342,164	0
Fair value of warrants issued for services	165,000	0
Employee stock purchase plan compensation	115,464	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(900,119)	(1,767,647)
Inventory	(418,984)	(336,046)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	152,012	770,553
Accounts payable	(954,377)	1,541,472
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(247,402)	(123,229)
Net cash used in operating activities	(19,943,847)	(20,817,798)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(331,716)	(1,017,830)
Net cash used in investing activities	(331,716)	(1,017,830)
Financing activities:
Repayment of notes payable	(7,447,571)	0
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of offering costs	9,500,646	0
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note, net of offering costs	14,329,843	0
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrants, net of offering costs	0	17,593,610
Proceeds from Initial Public Offering, net of offering costs	19,389,978	0
Proceeds from option exercises	3,499	14,295
Net cash provided by financing activities	35,776,395	17,607,905
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	15,500,832	(4,227,723)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,021,897	5,249,620
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	16,522,729	1,021,897
Supplementary schedule of non-cash transactions:
Conversion of convertible note into common stock	14,898,327	0
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock and common stock warrants	84,676	0
Property and equipment costs incurred but not paid included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	3,150	11,830
Transfer of instruments from property and equipment into inventory	242,831	75,268
Fair value of warrants issued with debt classified as a liability	176,813	0
Final payment fee due in connection with the repayment of debt classified within other long-term liabilities	400,000	0
Warrants issued for services	165,000	0
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	$ 700,353	$ 534,858

Organization and Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Operations

Description of Business

Bionano Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed in January 2003 as BioNanomatrix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. In August 2007, the Company became BioNanomatrix Inc., a Delaware corporation. In October 2011, the Company changed its name to BioNano Genomics, Inc., and in July 2018, it changed its name to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

The Company is a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. The Company currently develops and markets the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which it sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit, which included the sale of 504,000 units pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. The Company received net cash proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In addition, each of the following occurred in connection with the completion of the IPO in August 2018:


•	The conversion of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into an aggregate 2,850,280 shares of common stock.


•	The expiration of preferred stock warrants issued in connection with previous preferred stock offerings.


•	The automatic adjustment of certain preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants; the entire $84,676 balance of preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified as additional paid-in-capital. In addition, the Company issued warrants to the IPO underwriters to purchase up to 115,920 shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.4 million.


•	The conversion of an aggregate of $14.9 million of outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into an aggregate of 3,239,294 shares of common stock.

Each unit offered in the IPO consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share common stock. Each warrant to purchase common stock contained in the unit entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $6.125 per share (100% of the offering price per unit), subject to adjustment. The warrants and shares of common stock traded together as units for 30 days following the IPO. After 30 days of trading, the units automatically separated and the common stock and warrants began trading separately.

The units, common stock, and warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “BNGOU,” “BNGO” and “BNGOW,” respectively.

Reverse Stock Splits

On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.

Going Concern

In accordance with ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, management is required to perform a two-step analysis over its ability to continue as a going concern. Management must first evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (step 1). If management concludes that substantial doubt is raised, management is also required to consider whether its plans alleviate that doubt (step 2).

The Company has experienced recurring net losses from operations, negative cash flows from operating activities, and significant accumulated deficit since its inception and expects to continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $72.8 million as of December 31, 2018. In 2018, the Company used $19.9 million cash in operations. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $16.5 million. Management expects operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for at least the next year as the Company continues to incur costs related to research and commercialization efforts. Management has prepared cash flows forecasts which indicate that based on the Company’s expected operating losses and negative cash flows, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within twelve months after the date that the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, are issued.

Management’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional funding. Management's plans to raise additional capital through equity offerings or debt financings to fulfill its operating and capital requirements for at least 12 months include public or private equity or debt financings, strategic collaborations, licensing arrangements, asset sales, or other arrangements. However, the Company may not be able to secure such financing in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. Furthermore, if the Company issues equity securities to raise additional funds, its existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the Company’s existing stockholders. If the Company raises additional funds through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to its products or proprietary technologies or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to the Company.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the outcome of this uncertainty.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Although estimates are based on the Company’s historical experience, knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and all intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily represent funds invested in readily available checking and money market accounts.

The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. Included in cash and cash equivalents is $252,594 in restricted cash as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, related to amounts held for leases and credit cards.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of all cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. Company issued convertible preferred stock warrants were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured major financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held.

The Company’s customers are located throughout the world. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers, but it performs credit evaluations of their financial condition. More information on accounts receivable is contained in the paragraph titled “Accounts Receivable” below.

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table reflects the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:



	December 31,
	2018		2017

Accounts receivable	$	4,514,333	$	3,614,214
Provision	—		(262,000		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,514,333	$	3,352,214

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Ultravision Technology Ltd. represented 13% and 21%, BioStar Company represented 12% and 15%, and HistoGenetics represented 10% and 1%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

The components of inventories are as follows:



	December 31,
	2018		2017

Materials and supplies	$	161,468	$	203,085
Finished Goods	907,089		1,490,657
	$	1,068,557	$	1,693,742

During the year ended December 31, 2017, in connection with the market launch of the Company’s next generation product, the Saphyr system, the Company determined that its first generation Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $0.4 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to net realizable value of $1.3 million.

After considering the weight of evidence that accumulated during the year ended December 31, 2018, including the strategic shift towards minimal selling efforts of the Irys instruments, the Company determined that the Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below their carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $1.3 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to $0 net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally three to five years, or the remaining term of the lease for leasehold improvements, whichever is shorter) and generally consist of laboratory equipment, computer and office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company regularly reviews the carrying value and estimated lives of all of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, to determine whether indicators of impairment may exist which warrant adjustments to carrying values or estimated useful lives. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess over the carrying amount of the asset’s fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $0.6 million related to equipment at customer sites. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized $0 of impairment loss on long-lived assets.

Deferred Rent

Deferred rent consists of the difference between cash payments and the recognition of rent expense on a straight-line basis for the facilities the Company leases. The Company’s leases for its facilities provide for fixed increases in minimum annual rental payments. The total amount of rental payments due over the lease terms are being charged to rent expense ratably over the life of the leases. The current portion of deferred rent is included in accrued expenses and the non-current portion in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of our instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. We believe installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to our obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed within two years from receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

The Company derives a significant portion of product revenue from a limited distributor base. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Berry Genomics Corp. represented 5% and 4%, Ultravision Technology Ltd. represented 6% and 15%, Gene Company Ltd. represented 7% and 6% and BioStar Company represented 5% and 6%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenues. No other distributor represented more than 10% of total Company revenues during these periods.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue for products consists of the Company’s instrument cost from the manufacturer, raw material parts costs and associated freight, shipping and handling costs, contract manufacturer costs, royalties due to third parties, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to those sales recognized as product revenue in the period.

Cost of other revenue consists of salaries and other personnel costs, and facility costs associated with costs related to warranties and other costs of servicing equipment at customer sites.

Research and Development Costs

Costs incurred for research and product development, including acquired technology and costs incurred for technology in the development stage, are expensed as incurred.

Patent Costs

Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are recorded as selling, general and administrative expense and expensed as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.

Offering Costs

The offering costs associated with the IPO consisted of legal, accounting and filing fees. The Company had $4.7 million of IPO costs as of the offering date. These costs have been recorded as a reduction of the gross proceeds from the IPO in stockholder’s equity. Included in these costs is the fair value, valued at $0.4 million as of the date of the IPO, of warrants to purchase 115,920 shares of common stock issued to the underwriters as partial compensation for services rendered in connection with the IPO. The warrants are exercisable for common stock at a price of $9.1875 per share at any time beginning on August 20, 2019 through and including August 20, 2023, the expiration date.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

The Company previously accounted for outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock as liabilities in the balance sheets under preferred stock warrant liability. Until the IPO, holders of convertible preferred stock controlled the Board of Directors. Accordingly, upon certain change in control events that were outside of the Company’s control, including liquidation, sale, or transfer of control of the Company, holders of the convertible preferred stock could cause its redemption. As such, the then outstanding warrants to purchase shares of any series of convertible preferred stock were classified as a liability at fair value. The convertible preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded as change in fair value of warrants and expirations in the consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the IPO, all outstanding warrants previously exercisable for shares of preferred stock either expired or were adjusted to exercisable for shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, there are no outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock due to this adjustment.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, the Company maintained valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets as the Company concluded it had not met the “more likely than not” to be realized threshold. Changes in the valuation allowance when they are recognized in the provision for income taxes may result in a change in the estimated annual effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes the impact of uncertain tax positions at the largest amount that is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain tax position will not be recognized if it does not have a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability.

Comprehensive Loss

Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive loss is not included in the financial statements.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

The following table reflects total revenue by geography and as a percentage of total revenue, based on the billing address of the Company’s customers. North America consists of the United States and Canada. EMEIA consists of Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa. Asia Pacific includes China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Australia.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017
	$		%		$		%
North America	$	4,594,814	38	%	$	3,801,481	40	%
EMEIA	3,954,693		33	%	1,282,897		13	%
Asia Pacific	3,451,228		29	%	4,420,665		47	%
Total	$	12,000,735	100	%	$	9,505,043	100	%

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the United States represented 38% and 37%, and China represented 17% and 28%, respectively of total revenue.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include convertible preferred stock and outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Convertible preferred stock	—	2,850,280
Common stock options	1,282,847	436,341
Preferred warrants	—	855,212
Common warrants	4,062,507	—
Total	5,345,354	4,141,833

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated this new guidance and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the financial statements or disclosures.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-01 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).



			Fair Value Measurement Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—



			Fair Value Measurement Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944
Total liabilities	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944

As discussed in Note 2 above, there were no warrants exercisable for the Company’s convertible preferred stock following the closing of the IPO. Of the 37.2 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock, 35.7 million warrants expired on the effective date of the IPO. The remaining 1.5 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock were adjusted to become exercisable for common stock. Prior to the IPO, the Company estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date. On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

Estimating fair values of derivative financial instruments, including Level 3 instruments, require the use of significant and subjective inputs that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors, including changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s equity securities.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Warrant Liability
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants	(1,424		)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants	(750,509		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	3,898,944
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt	176,813
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants	(3,991,081		)
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common stock warrants due to IPO	(84,676		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	—

The warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock were valued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. This valuation includes observable inputs such as risk-free rate, as well as unobservable inputs for assumed volatility, the expected life of the warrants, and the fair value of the underlying convertible preferred stock. Quantitative information relating to unobservable inputs is disclosed below:



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Risk-free interest rate	—		%	1.75		%
Volatility	—		%	54.60		%
Expected life (in years)	0.0			0.6
Dividend Yield	—			—
Fair value of Series A preferred stock	$	—		$	0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock	$	—		$	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock	$	—		$	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock	$	—		$	0.48

At December 31, 2017, the fair value of the underlying convertible preferred stock was determined using an Option Pricing Method (“OPM”). Under the OPM, once the fair market value of the enterprise is established, shares are valued by creating a series of call options with exercise prices based on the liquidation preference and conversion behavior of the different classes of equity. Accordingly, the aggregate equity value is allocated to each of the classes of equity shares outstanding. The Company utilized both the market and income approach to establish the fair market value of the enterprise.

Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation (including those inputs utilized in the OPM) would result in a significantly different fair value measurement. An increase in the risk-free interest rate, and/or an increase in the remaining contractual term or expected volatility, and/or an increase in the fair value of the convertible preferred stock would result in an increase in the fair value of the warrants.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Prepayment to supplier	$	74,685	$	492,330
Prepaid insurance	460,684		29,119
Other current assets	384,131		550,063
Total	$	919,500	$	1,071,512

Property and Equipment, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment	4,437,794			3,995,731
Service equipment placed at customer sites	149,823			594,553
Leasehold improvements	1,875,647			1,860,667
	6,939,666			6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation	(5,162,364		)	(3,921,565		)
	$	1,777,302		$	3,005,788

The Company recorded depreciation expense of $1,320,521 and $1,504,042 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively in operating expenses.

Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses	$	2,134,981	$	2,596,137
Accrued bonus	765,148		912,757
Total	$	2,900,129	$	3,508,894

Long-Term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Western Alliance LSA

On March 8, 2016, the Company entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank (the “Western Alliance LSA”) for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the twelfth amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement with Square 1 Bank.

The Company paid debt issuance costs and a facility fee totaling $113,542 at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company was required to pay an end of term charge equal to 3.25% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $227,500 was recorded as debt discount and was included on the balance sheet under current liabilities as December 31, 2017. The end of term charge was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan.

Additionally, in conjunction with the entry into Western Alliance LSA, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 510,417 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock of $65,384 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 11,925 shares of common stock for $20.56 per share. The warrants expire on March 8, 2026.

On December 9, 2016, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, in conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 291,667 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $34,300 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 6,814 shares of common stock for $20.56 per share. The warrants expire on Dec 9, 2026.

On November 20, 2017, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, in conjunction with this amendment, the Company agreed to pay an amendment fee of $17,500, which was payable on the earliest to occur of the loan maturity date or the prepayment date. The amount was recorded as a debt discount on the balance sheet and was being recognized as additional interest expense over the remaining term of the loan.

The Company received a notice of default from Western Alliance Bank notifying the Company that as of December 31, 2017 it was in default, as it had failed to secure at least $15.0 million from the sale or issuance of its equity securities or subordinated debt as set forth in the amended Western Alliance LSA. Based on the notice of default the Company reclassified the total loan balance of $6.7 million to current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, as the loan could be called at any time by Western Alliance Bank.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended requiring the Company to secure $21.0 million in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the Western Alliance LSA as a result of the Company’s loan default.

On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring the Company to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted Company use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after amendment date, until collecting a total of $2.5 million. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Back waived the existing default.

One June 29, 2018, the Company repaid the Western Alliance LSA as part of the MidCap Financial Credit and Security Agreement discussed below.

On November 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to amend (i) that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated March 8, 2016, (ii) that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated December 9, 2016 ((i) and (ii) collectively, the “Bank Warrants”) and (iii) the Western Alliance LSA. Pursuant to Section 2.6(g) of the Western Alliance LSA, the Company was obligated to pay Western Alliance Bank a success fee of $210,000 in connection with the IPO. As part of the Amendment Agreement, this success fee was decreased from $210,000 to $160,000 and the exercise price of the Bank Warrants was decreased from $20.56 per share to $6.99 per share.

MidCap Financial CSA

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (CSA) with MidCap Financial Trust which provides a $15.0 million term loan facility available in three tranches, Tranche 1: $10.0 million, Tranche 2: $2.5 million, and Tranche 3: $2.5 million. The Company borrowed $10.0 million from Tranche 1 immediately upon closing the agreement, Tranche 2 is no longer available, and Tranche 3 is available to draw from if the Company achieves $16.0 million in trailing twelve month revenue by June 2019. Proceeds from the loan were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million due to Western Alliance LSA.

The MidCap Financial CSA bears interest at an annual rate of one month LIBOR plus 7.5%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.5%. The loan has a 60-month term, with interest only for the first 18 months and straight-line amortization of principal and interest for the remaining 42 months. The CSA is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and matures on July 1, 2023.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.3 million at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. Subject to certain limited exceptions, amounts prepaid in relation to the MidCap Financial CSA are subject to a prepayment fee determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid by 4% in the first year of the term, 3% in year two, and 2% thereafter. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company will be required to pay an end of term charge equal to 4% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $0.4 million was recorded as debt discount and is included in other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. The end of term charge is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan.

In conjunction with entering into the MidCap Financial CSA, the Company issued to MidCap a warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share that was immediately exercisable and expires June 29, 2028. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $0.2 million was recorded as a debt discount and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. The assumptions used in the model were: the fair value of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, which was determined using an OPM analysis (see Note 3), an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.83% and an expected volatility of 59%. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 14,602 shares of common stock for $20.56. The warrants expire on June 29, 2028.

In addition, MidCap invested $1.0 million in the convertible note offering at terms identical to other investors described in the Convertible Notes section below.

Convertible Notes

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with various investors, which included related parties (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) in the original principal amount of up to $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, the Company amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to $18.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into the Company’s common stock or convertible preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events.

On June 29, 2018, the Note Purchase Agreement was amended to increase the principal amount available for issuance from $18.4 million to $19.4 million.

In August 2018, the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14.9 million of principal and interest were converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO. As of December 31, 2018, there are no convertible notes outstanding.

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Western Alliance LSA are as follows:



	December 31, 2017
Term loan face value	$	7,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(99,684		)
End of term charge	(227,500		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(131,042		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value	39,753
Balance	6,729,752
Less current portion	6,729,752
Long-term debt	$	—

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:



	December 31, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813		)
End of term charge	(400,000		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(499,354		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value	17,682
Balance	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	9,029,374

Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees was $181,991 and $96,576 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Future minimum payments including interest under the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows as of December 31, 2018:



Year Ended December 31,
2019	1,002,000
2020	3,727,929
2021	3,441,643
2022	3,155,357
2023	1,870,321
Total minimum loan payments	13,197,250
Unamortized interest	(2,797,250	)
End of term charge	(400,000	)
Warrant fair value	(159,132	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(811,494	)
Term loan	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	9,029,374

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Equity [Abstract]

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock and Preferred Stock

On August 23, 2018, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation in connection with the IPO. The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated. Of the 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 10,055,072 shares were issued as of December 31, 2018.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the company issued 2,062 and 7,079 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $3,499 and $14,294, respectively.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Prior to the August 2018 offering, there were 121,992,497 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. Upon certain change in control events that were outside of the Company’s control, including liquidation, sale or transfer of control of the Company, holders of the convertible preferred stock could cause its redemption

Conversion of all outstanding Preferred Stock to Common Stock

In August 2018, due to completion of a public offering meeting certain requires (as defined below), each 42.8 shares of Series Preferred was converted into one share of common stock at a Conversion Price of $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. As of December 31, 2018, there are no shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding.

The following sets forth information regarding all convertible preferred stock securities sold since January 1, 2017:

Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Financing

From February through November 2017, the Company sold and issued 36,974,586 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at $0.48 per share, raising approximately $17,590,000, net of issuance costs of $154,191. At any time after December 31, 2021, holders of a majority of the then outstanding Series D-1 convertible preferred stock may redeem any unconverted or unredeemed Series D-1 convertible preferred stock in cash at the greater of the original convertible preferred stock purchase price plus all declared but unpaid dividends or the fair market value. The Company had determined not to adjust the carrying values of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock to the liquidation preferences of such shares because of the uncertainty over whether or when such an event would occur. The Company had determined that it was not probable that such redemption would occur as a mandatory conversion event, the close of the public offering, was expected in advance of the redemption triggers.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series A, B, B-1, C, D and D-1 convertible preferred stock (collectively, the “Series Preferred”) had the following rights and privileges immediately prior to conversion to common stock in connection with the public offering:

Voting rights

Series Preferred stockholders were entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the convertible preferred stock was convertible.

Conversion

Each 42.8 shares of Series Preferred was convertible, at any time, into one share of common stock at the then-applicable Conversion Price (as defined below). The Series Preferred was automatically converted into common stock, at the then-applicable Conversion Price, upon (a) the vote or consent of 66-2/3% of the outstanding shares of Series Preferred or (b) upon the closing of the sale to the public of either shares of common stock or units comprised of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock (i) in which the price per share paid by the public (prior to the deduction of underwriting discounts and registration expenses) was no less than $6.00 per share, or to the extent units are sold in such offering, no less than $6.00 per unit (in each case as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to shares of common stock effectuated after August 15, 2018), in each case in the initial closing of the such offering, and (ii) resulting in at least $15,000,000 in gross proceeds to the company (prior to the deduction of underwriting discounts and registration expenses), in a firm-commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Conversion Price was initially $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Conversion Price was subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

Dividends

Holders of the Series Preferred were entitled to receive cash dividends at the rate of 8% of the applicable Original Issue Price (as defined below) per annum, on a non-cumulative basis, on each outstanding share of Series Preferred. The Company could not declare any dividends on any shares of Series Preferred other than shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock unless the holders of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock then outstanding first receive, or simultaneously receive, full payment of a dividend. The Original Issue Price was $2.733 per share for the Series A convertible preferred stock, $1.3995 per share for the Series B convertible preferred stock, $1.3995 per share for the Series B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 per share for the Series C convertible preferred stock, $0.48 per share for the Series D convertible preferred stock and $0.48 per share for the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, each subject to adjustment in the event of any reorganization, stock split, recapitalization or other similar event involving or affecting a change in the Company’s capital structure.

Liquidation Preferences

In the event of liquidation or winding up of the Company, (i) the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of, Series C convertible preferred stock, Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference (as defined below); (ii) the holders of the Series C convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock, and common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference; and (iii) the holders of Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock and the holders of Series A convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference. The Liquidation Preference was calculated as follows: (i) when the Company was valued at $91 million or below, the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends and (ii) when the company was valued greater than $91 million, the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends, with the first $10 million of proceeds above $91 million distributed to the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock on a pro rata basis ((i) and (ii) together, “Liquidation Preference”).

The authorized shares, purchase price, outstanding shares and Liquidation Preference for each series of convertible preferred stock as of December 31, 2017, were as follows:



	Shares Authorized	Purchase Price Per Share		Shares Outstanding	Liquidation Preference

Convertible preferred stock:
Series A	418,767	$	1.39950	345,587	$	483,649
Series B	8,101,042	$	1.39950	8,058,170	$	11,277,409
Series B-1	7,523,734	$	1.39950	3,437,950	$	4,811,411
Series C	23,357,047	$	1.40430	23,357,047	$	32,800,301
Series D	52,835,720	$	0.48000	20,652,486	$	9,913,193
Series D-1	125,808,667	$	0.48000	66,141,257	$	31,747,803
Total	218,044,977			121,992,497	$	91,033,766

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

On July 3, 2012, in conjunction with the Square 1 LSA, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 64,309 shares of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock to Square 1 Bank at an exercise price of $1.3995 per-share. This warrant expires in July 2019.

On December 11, 2013, in conjunction with an amendment to the Square 1 LSA, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 10,718 shares of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock to Square 1 Bank at an exercise price of $1.3995 per-share. This warrant expires in December 2020.

On September 17, 2013, in conjunction with the subordinated convertible promissory notes that were issued in connection with the September 2013 Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, the Company issued warrants to purchase 1,480,988 shares of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock. Per the terms of the September 2013 Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, the number of shares of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock purchasable under these warrants was increased to 2,123,528 shares as the Company did not complete a qualified financing prior to January 1, 2014. The warrants allow the investors to purchase Series B-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.3995 per-share. These warrants were originally scheduled to expire in 2023.

On June 12, 2014, in conjunction with the subordinated convertible promissory notes that were issued in connection with the June 2014 Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, the Company issued warrants to purchase 715,766 shares of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.3995 per- share. These warrants were originally scheduled to expire in 2024.

On September 9, 2014 and November 11, 2014, in conjunction with the issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, the Company issued warrants to purchase 4,450,616 shares and 6,527,568 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock, respectively, at an exercise price of $1.4043 per-share. On March 31, 2016, all warrants to purchase Series C convertible preferred stock issued in conjunction with the Series C convertible preferred stock offering expired under the terms of their issue with no investors electing to exercise their warrants. As such, these warrants have been retired by the Company.

On March 4, 2016, in conjunction with the Series D convertible preferred stock offering, the Company issued warrants to purchase 31,672,817 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.41 per-share. These warrants expire in 2026.

On March 8, 2016, in conjunction with the Western Alliance LSA, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 510,417 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock to Western Alliance Bank at an exercise price of $0.48 per-share. Additionally, in conjunction with the first amendment to the Western Alliance LSA, on December 9 2016, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 291,667 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock to Western Alliance Bank at an exercise price of $0.48 per-share. Both of these warrants expire in 2026.

On June 29, 2018, in conjunction with the MidCap Financial CSA, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock to MidCap Financial at an exercise price of $0.48 per-share. This warrant expires in 2028.

All the outstanding warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock were classified as liabilities in the financial statements and were valued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes-Merton model as discussed in Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements”. In connection with the IPO, outstanding convertible preferred stock warrants either expired or were adjusted to exercisable for shares of common stock.

Common Stock Warrants

On November 19, 2018, we issued to LifeSci Capital, LLC, a warrant to purchase 44,183 shares of the our common stock, and to Russell Creative Group, a warrant to purchase 3,311 shares of our common stock (together, the “Service Provider Warrants”), each having an exercise price of $8.25 per share of our common stock and a term of five years. The Service Provider Warrants were issued in full satisfaction of our obligations to pay to LifeSci Capital, LLC an aggregate of $150,000 for capital advisory and investor relations services and to Russell Creative Group an aggregate of $15,000 for branding and marketing services. The Company valued these warrants using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The assumptions used in the model were: the fair value of the Company's common stock, an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.93%, and an expected volatility of 62.28%.

On November 19, 2018, we entered into an amendment agreement with Western Alliance Bank in order to amend the previously issued warrants to purchase preferred stock, dated March 8, 2016 and December 9, 2016, respectively, which, in connection with the IPO, were adjusted to warrants exercisable for shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, the exercise price of the Bank Warrants was decreased from $20.56 per share to $6.99 per share. All other terms of the Bank Warrants remain in full force and effect.

Stock Options

In August 2018, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) and its stockholders adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), as a successor to and continuation of the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then its employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of its affiliates. The Company has initially reserved 1,499,454 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2018 Plan, which is the sum of (1) 1,000,000 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2006 Plan at the time the 2018 Plan became effective, and (3) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2006 Plan that would have otherwise returned to the 2006 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2019 through January 1, 2028, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Board.

As of December 31, 2018, there were 1,282,847 shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and 369,234 shares of common stock reserved for future stock awards under the 2018 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:



	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	43,596	$	42.80	8.0	—
Granted	461,978	1.28			—
Exercised	(7,077)	2.14			$80,959
Cancelled	(62,156)	3.42			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	436,341	$	5.14	9.0	—
Granted	886,023	7.69			—
Exercised	(2,062)	1.70			$6,046
Cancelled	(37,455)	5.20			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,282,847	6.90		9.2	$1,461,567
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018	1,273,745	6.85		9.2	$1,426,092
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018	494,968	6.99		8.7	$1,029,435

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted to its employees options to purchase 886,023 shares and 461,978 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $7.69 per share and $1.28 per share, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the total grant date fair value of vested options was $957,387 and $365,154, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $6.99 and $1.28, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Research and development	$	260,840	$	128,210
General and administrative	933,033		254,620
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,193,873	$	382,830

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017

Risk-free interest rate	2.5 - 3.0%	1.8 - 2.0%
Expected volatility	62 - 64%	58 - 67%
Expected term (in years)	4.0 - 5.4	5.1 - 5.3
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%

Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments, the terms of which were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected volatility. Due to the Company’s limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility as a private company, the expected volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers whose share prices are publicly available.

Expected term. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. The Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its equity shares have been publicly traded. As a result, the Company uses the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.

Expected dividend yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not intend to pay dividends.

Forfeitures. The Company reduces stock-based compensation expense for actual forfeitures during the period.

As of December 31, 2018 the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options was $2,888,363 and is expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 2.9 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2018, the Board and the Company’s stockholders adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). A total of 175,000 shares of common stock are initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2019, through January 1, 2028, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, (2) 220,000 shares, or (3) a lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. As of December 31, 2018, there 22,179 shares of common stock have been purchased under the ESPP.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Convertible preferred stock	—	2,850,276
Stock options issued and outstanding	1,282,847	436,341
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program	369,234	57,904
Preferred warrants	—	855,212
Common warrants	4,062,507	—
Total	5,714,588	4,199,733

Commitment and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain office and lab space in San Diego, California under a non-cancelable operating lease, which was amended July 1, 2015 to add laboratory space and office space and extend its terms through December 2020. Rent expense was $556,321 and $590,089 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, including the offset for amortization of the leasehold incentive obligation of $225,052 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

In November, 2018 , the Company entered into a sublease agreement (the “Sublease”) whereby a subtenant agreed to lease 16,607 square feet of office and lab space from the Company. The Sublease terminates on December 31, 2020. Rental income of $26,278 received from the subtenant has been classified by the Company as reduction of rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2018, are summarized as follows:



Year Ending December 31,	Gross Payments		Scheduled Sublease Payments			Net Payments
2019	$	844,812	$	(388,797	)	$	456,015
2020	902,412		(464,334		)	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,747,224	$	(853,131	)	$	894,093

Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements to market and distribute chips and kits used in its instruments. The Company is obligated to pay royalties based on sales during each annual license period. Such royalty agreements extend through the life of underlying intellectual property which is affected by the patent filing date and jurisdiction. The Company paid total royalties of $377,437 and $233,128 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Certain royalty agreements require the Company to make minimum payments regardless of the level of sales achieved. As of December 31, 2018, annual future minimum royalty payments total $90,000 through December 31, 2019 and total $110,000, thereafter, on a continuing basis, and extend through November 29, 2026.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has a contractual commitment with a supplier to purchase $165,000 of products every three months for an initial term of two years beginning March 1, 2019. The contract can be terminated on 90 days written notice by either party.

Litigation

The Company is subject to potential liabilities under various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters arise in the ordinary course and conduct of the business. The Company intends to continue to defend itself vigorously in such matters. The Company regularly assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in the financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on the Company’s assessment, it currently does not have any amount accrued as it is not a defendant in any claims or legal actions.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are shown below. A valuation allowance has been recorded to offset the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, as the realization of such assets does not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold.



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	35,104,728		$	30,528,420
Research and development credits	4,577,582			4,078,522
Other	1,725,577			1,163,659
Total gross	41,407,887			35,770,601
Valuation allowance	(41,407,887		)	(35,770,601		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

The provision for domestic and foreign income taxes is as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Current:
Foreign	$	13,955	$	16,996
State and local	1,556		1,556
Income tax provision	$	15,511	$	18,552

The domestic and foreign components of income (loss) from continuing operations are as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Domestic	$	(18,515,638	)	$	(23,455,215	)
Foreign	34,757			108,403
Loss before provision for income taxes	$	(18,480,881	)	$	(23,346,812	)

A reconciliation of the income tax computed at the federal statutory tax rate to the expense for income taxes are as follows:



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Income taxes at statutory rate	$	(3,880,985	)	$	(7,939,076	)
State income taxes, net of federal benefits	(476,179		)	(376,232		)
Change in valuation allowance	5,617,471			(7,523,665		)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	—			16,552,989
Other permanent differences	95,852			426,903
Research Credits	(502,511		)	(866,710		)
Change in Fair value of Warrants	(838,137		)	(255,657		)
Income tax expense	$	15,511		$	18,552

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act which, among a broad range of tax reform measures, reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to a flat 21% effective January 1, 2018. The reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate required the Company to remeasure the federal portion of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017 to the enacted tax rate expected to apply when the temporary differences are to be realized. The Company provisionally recorded $16.6 million of expense related, offset by a full valuation allowance, for the remeasurement of its deferred tax assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2018, the Company completed its accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the 2017 Act which resulted in immaterial adjustments to provisional estimates, offset by a full valuation allowance.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has federal and state tax net operating loss carryforwards of $147.6 million and $58.0 million, respectively. The federal tax loss carryforwards of $19.3 million do not expire and are subject to 80% limitation due to the tax law change of 2017. The remaining federal tax loss carryforwards of $128.3 million and state tax loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2027 and 2023, respectively, unless previously utilized. The Company also has federal and California research credit carryforwards of $4.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The federal research credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2027 unless previously utilized. The California research credits carry forward indefinitely.

Management assesses all available evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. The Company has experienced net losses since inception, and the revenue and income potential of the Company’s business and market are unproven. Due to the Company’s continuing research and development activities, the Company expects to continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future. As such, the Company cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance of $41.4 million and $35.8 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, has been established to offset the deferred tax assets, as realization of such assets is uncertain.

Utilization of the net operating losses and research and development (“R&D”) credit carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations due to ownership change limitations that have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state and foreign provisions. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating losses and R&D credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders.

During 2013, the Company completed a Section 382/383 analysis, from inception through December 31, 2012, regarding the limitation of the net operating losses and R&D credits. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that no ownership changes occurred during that period. However, there may have been ownership changes subsequent to December 31, 2012, that could limit the Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and R&D credit carryforwards. The Company plans to complete an analysis prior to using any of the net operating losses and R&D credits.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, are as follows:



	December 31,
	2018		2017
Balance at beginning of the year	$	3,018,563	$	2,451,121
Additions/(reductions) for tax positions - prior year	—		—
Increase related to current year positions	370,573		567,442
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,389,136	$	3,018,563

The Company recognizes the impact of uncertain tax positions at the largest amount that is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Due to the valuation allowance position, none of the unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, will impact the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company does not anticipate a significant change in the unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months.

The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had no accrual of interest and penalties on the Company’s balance sheets and has not recognized interest and penalties in the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Company’s tax years from 2007 (inception) are subject to examination by the United States and state authorities due to the carry forward of unutilized net operating losses and R&D credits.

Employee Benefits	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefits	Dec. 31, 2018
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefits	Employee Benefits The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan available to eligible employees. Under the terms of the plan, employees may make voluntary contributions as a percent of compensation, limited to the maximum amount allowable under federal tax regulations. The Company, at its discretion, may make certain contributions to the 401(k) plan. The Company made matching contributions of $272,507 and $395,360 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

The unaudited quarterly financial information should be read in conjunction with the our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. We believe that the following unaudited information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. The following table contains selected unaudited financial data for each of the indicated periods:



	Three months ended
	March 31,		June 30,		September 30,		December 31,
	2018
Revenue	$	1,768,485	$	3,390,009	$	2,828,704	$	4,013,537
Cost of Revenue	$	841,449	$	1,813,430	$	3,068,332	$	2,988,115
Operating Expenses	$	5,262,497	$	5,588,800	$	5,729,212	$	7,123,985
Net Loss	$	3,847,362	$	3,311,476	$	4,926,097	$	6,411,457
	2017
Revenue	$	1,720,754	$	2,196,110	$	2,743,056	$	2,845,123
Cost of Revenue	$	1,205,264	$	1,638,853	$	1,690,223	$	1,496,172
Operating Expenses	$	6,703,475	$	7,317,565	$	6,083,995	$	6,588,304
Net Loss	$	5,685,530	$	6,674,458	$	5,085,452	$	5,919,924

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events For the purposes of the financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and the years then ended, the Company identified subsequent events through March 14, 2019, the date on which the financial statements were issued.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Business	Description of Business Bionano Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed in January 2003 as BioNanomatrix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. In August 2007, the Company became BioNanomatrix Inc., a Delaware corporation. In October 2011, the Company changed its name to BioNano Genomics, Inc., and in July 2018, it changed its name to Bionano Genomics, Inc. The Company is a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. The Company currently develops and markets the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics.
Reverse Stock-Splits	Reverse Stock Splits On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily represent funds invested in readily available checking and money market accounts. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of all cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. Company issued convertible preferred stock warrants were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured major financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held. The Company’s customers are located throughout the world. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers, but it performs credit evaluations of their financial condition. More information on accounts receivable is contained in the paragraph titled “Accounts Receivable” below.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense.
Inventory	Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally three to five years, or the remaining term of the lease for leasehold improvements, whichever is shorter) and generally consist of laboratory equipment, computer and office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Long-Lived Assets	Long-Lived Assets The Company regularly reviews the carrying value and estimated lives of all of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, to determine whether indicators of impairment may exist which warrant adjustments to carrying values or estimated useful lives. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess over the carrying amount of the asset’s fair value.
Deferred Rent	Deferred Rent Deferred rent consists of the difference between cash payments and the recognition of rent expense on a straight-line basis for the facilities the Company leases. The Company’s leases for its facilities provide for fixed increases in minimum annual rental payments. The total amount of rental payments due over the lease terms are being charged to rent expense ratably over the life of the leases. The current portion of deferred rent is included in accrued expenses and the non-current portion in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Product Revenue Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The majority of our instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met. Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. We believe installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to our obligations in the contract. Other Revenue Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed within two years from receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract. Multiple Element Arrangements The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis. For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts. In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price. Distributor Transactions In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein. The Company derives a significant portion of product revenue from a limited distributor base. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Berry Genomics Corp. represented 5% and 4%, Ultravision Technology Ltd. represented 6% and 15%, Gene Company Ltd. represented 7% and 6% and BioStar Company represented 5% and 6%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenues. No other distributor represented more than 10% of total Company revenues during these periods.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue for products consists of the Company’s instrument cost from the manufacturer, raw material parts costs and associated freight, shipping and handling costs, contract manufacturer costs, royalties due to third parties, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to those sales recognized as product revenue in the period. Cost of other revenue consists of salaries and other personnel costs, and facility costs associated with costs related to warranties and other costs of servicing equipment at customer sites.
Research and Development Costs	Research and Development Costs Costs incurred for research and product development, including acquired technology and costs incurred for technology in the development stage, are expensed as incurred.
Patent Costs	Patent Costs Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are recorded as selling, general and administrative expense and expensed as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.
Offering Costs	Offering Costs The offering costs associated with the IPO consisted of legal, accounting and filing fees. The Company had $4.7 million of IPO costs as of the offering date. These costs have been recorded as a reduction of the gross proceeds from the IPO in stockholder’s equity. Included in these costs is the fair value, valued at $0.4 million as of the date of the IPO, of warrants to purchase 115,920 shares of common stock issued to the underwriters as partial compensation for services rendered in connection with the IPO. The warrants are exercisable for common stock at a price of $9.1875 per share at any time beginning on August 20, 2019 through and including August 20, 2023, the expiration date.
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants	Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants The Company previously accounted for outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock as liabilities in the balance sheets under preferred stock warrant liability. Until the IPO, holders of convertible preferred stock controlled the Board of Directors. Accordingly, upon certain change in control events that were outside of the Company’s control, including liquidation, sale, or transfer of control of the Company, holders of the convertible preferred stock could cause its redemption. As such, the then outstanding warrants to purchase shares of any series of convertible preferred stock were classified as a liability at fair value. The convertible preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded as change in fair value of warrants and expirations in the consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the IPO, all outstanding warrants previously exercisable for shares of preferred stock either expired or were adjusted to exercisable for shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, there are no outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock due to this adjustment.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, the Company maintained valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets as the Company concluded it had not met the “more likely than not” to be realized threshold. Changes in the valuation allowance when they are recognized in the provision for income taxes may result in a change in the estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company recognizes the impact of uncertain tax positions at the largest amount that is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain tax position will not be recognized if it does not have a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive loss is not included in the financial statements.
Segment Reporting	Segment Reporting Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include convertible preferred stock and outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated this new guidance and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the financial statements or disclosures. In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-01 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The following table reflects the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:



	December 31,
	2018		2017

Accounts receivable	$	4,514,333	$	3,614,214
Provision	—		(262,000		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,514,333	$	3,352,214

Schedule of Components of Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:



	December 31,
	2018		2017

Materials and supplies	$	161,468	$	203,085
Finished Goods	907,089		1,490,657
	$	1,068,557	$	1,693,742

Schedule of Revenue from Customers by Geographic Region



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017
	$		%		$		%
North America	$	4,594,814	38	%	$	3,801,481	40	%
EMEIA	3,954,693		33	%	1,282,897		13	%
Asia Pacific	3,451,228		29	%	4,420,665		47	%
Total	$	12,000,735	100	%	$	9,505,043	100	%

Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities not Included in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Convertible preferred stock	—	2,850,280
Common stock options	1,282,847	436,341
Preferred warrants	—	855,212
Common warrants	4,062,507	—
Total	5,345,354	4,141,833

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets And Liabilities



			Fair Value Measurement Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—



			Fair Value Measurement Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944
Total liabilities	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944

Summary of Changes In Level 3 Liabilities

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Warrant Liability
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants	(1,424		)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants	(750,509		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	3,898,944
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt	176,813
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants	(3,991,081		)
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common stock warrants due to IPO	(84,676		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	—

Summary of Quantitative Information Relating to Unobservable Inputs

Quantitative information relating to unobservable inputs is disclosed below:



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Risk-free interest rate	—		%	1.75		%
Volatility	—		%	54.60		%
Expected life (in years)	0.0			0.6
Dividend Yield	—			—
Fair value of Series A preferred stock	$	—		$	0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock	$	—		$	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock	$	—		$	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock	$	—		$	0.48

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Prepayment to supplier	$	74,685	$	492,330
Prepaid insurance	460,684		29,119
Other current assets	384,131		550,063
Total	$	919,500	$	1,071,512

Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment	4,437,794			3,995,731
Service equipment placed at customer sites	149,823			594,553
Leasehold improvements	1,875,647			1,860,667
	6,939,666			6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation	(5,162,364		)	(3,921,565		)
	$	1,777,302		$	3,005,788

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses	$	2,134,981	$	2,596,137
Accrued bonus	765,148		912,757
Total	$	2,900,129	$	3,508,894

Long-Term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Western Alliance LSA are as follows:



	December 31, 2017
Term loan face value	$	7,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(99,684		)
End of term charge	(227,500		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(131,042		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value	39,753
Balance	6,729,752
Less current portion	6,729,752
Long-term debt	$	—

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:



	December 31, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813		)
End of term charge	(400,000		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(499,354		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value	17,682
Balance	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	9,029,374

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Including Interest

Future minimum payments including interest under the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows as of December 31, 2018:



Year Ended December 31,
2019	1,002,000
2020	3,727,929
2021	3,441,643
2022	3,155,357
2023	1,870,321
Total minimum loan payments	13,197,250
Unamortized interest	(2,797,250	)
End of term charge	(400,000	)
Warrant fair value	(159,132	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(811,494	)
Term loan	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	9,029,374

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Preferred Stock

The authorized shares, purchase price, outstanding shares and Liquidation Preference for each series of convertible preferred stock as of December 31, 2017, were as follows:



	Shares Authorized	Purchase Price Per Share		Shares Outstanding	Liquidation Preference

Convertible preferred stock:
Series A	418,767	$	1.39950	345,587	$	483,649
Series B	8,101,042	$	1.39950	8,058,170	$	11,277,409
Series B-1	7,523,734	$	1.39950	3,437,950	$	4,811,411
Series C	23,357,047	$	1.40430	23,357,047	$	32,800,301
Series D	52,835,720	$	0.48000	20,652,486	$	9,913,193
Series D-1	125,808,667	$	0.48000	66,141,257	$	31,747,803
Total	218,044,977			121,992,497	$	91,033,766

Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:



	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	43,596	$	42.80	8.0	—
Granted	461,978	1.28			—
Exercised	(7,077)	2.14			$80,959
Cancelled	(62,156)	3.42			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	436,341	$	5.14	9.0	—
Granted	886,023	7.69			—
Exercised	(2,062)	1.70			$6,046
Cancelled	(37,455)	5.20			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,282,847	6.90		9.2	$1,461,567
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018	1,273,745	6.85		9.2	$1,426,092
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018	494,968	6.99		8.7	$1,029,435

Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Research and development	$	260,840	$	128,210
General and administrative	933,033		254,620
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,193,873	$	382,830

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions in Black -Scholes Option Pricing Model

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017

Risk-free interest rate	2.5 - 3.0%	1.8 - 2.0%
Expected volatility	62 - 64%	58 - 67%
Expected term (in years)	4.0 - 5.4	5.1 - 5.3
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Convertible preferred stock	—	2,850,276
Stock options issued and outstanding	1,282,847	436,341
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program	369,234	57,904
Preferred warrants	—	855,212
Common warrants	4,062,507	—
Total	5,714,588	4,199,733

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
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Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109259400&loc=d3e21553-112644

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 480
-SubTopic 10
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+ Details

Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Required under Non-Cancelable Leases

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2018, are summarized as follows:



Year Ending December 31,	Gross Payments		Scheduled Sublease Payments			Net Payments
2019	$	844,812	$	(388,797	)	$	456,015
2020	902,412		(464,334		)	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,747,224	$	(853,131	)	$	894,093

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	35,104,728		$	30,528,420
Research and development credits	4,577,582			4,078,522
Other	1,725,577			1,163,659
Total gross	41,407,887			35,770,601
Valuation allowance	(41,407,887		)	(35,770,601		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

Schedule of Provision for Domestic and Foreign Income Taxes

The provision for domestic and foreign income taxes is as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Current:
Foreign	$	13,955	$	16,996
State and local	1,556		1,556
Income tax provision	$	15,511	$	18,552

Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Income (Loss)

The domestic and foreign components of income (loss) from continuing operations are as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Domestic	$	(18,515,638	)	$	(23,455,215	)
Foreign	34,757			108,403
Loss before provision for income taxes	$	(18,480,881	)	$	(23,346,812	)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the income tax computed at the federal statutory tax rate to the expense for income taxes are as follows:



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Income taxes at statutory rate	$	(3,880,985	)	$	(7,939,076	)
State income taxes, net of federal benefits	(476,179		)	(376,232		)
Change in valuation allowance	5,617,471			(7,523,665		)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	—			16,552,989
Other permanent differences	95,852			426,903
Research Credits	(502,511		)	(866,710		)
Change in Fair value of Warrants	(838,137		)	(255,657		)
Income tax expense	$	15,511		$	18,552

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, are as follows:



	December 31,
	2018		2017
Balance at beginning of the year	$	3,018,563	$	2,451,121
Additions/(reductions) for tax positions - prior year	—		—
Increase related to current year positions	370,573		567,442
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,389,136	$	3,018,563

Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Information

The following table contains selected unaudited financial data for each of the indicated periods:



	Three months ended
	March 31,		June 30,		September 30,		December 31,
	2018
Revenue	$	1,768,485	$	3,390,009	$	2,828,704	$	4,013,537
Cost of Revenue	$	841,449	$	1,813,430	$	3,068,332	$	2,988,115
Operating Expenses	$	5,262,497	$	5,588,800	$	5,729,212	$	7,123,985
Net Loss	$	3,847,362	$	3,311,476	$	4,926,097	$	6,411,457
	2017
Revenue	$	1,720,754	$	2,196,110	$	2,743,056	$	2,845,123
Cost of Revenue	$	1,205,264	$	1,638,853	$	1,690,223	$	1,496,172
Operating Expenses	$	6,703,475	$	7,317,565	$	6,083,995	$	6,588,304
Net Loss	$	5,685,530	$	6,674,458	$	5,085,452	$	5,919,924

Organization and Operations - Additional Information (Details)			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 15, 2018	Jul. 16, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Stock split, conversion ratio	0.5	0.0467
Number of securities called by each warrant \| shares			1
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants				$ 84,676
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount				14,898,327	$ 0
Accumulated deficit				(72,762,428)	(54,266,036)
Net cash used in operating activities				(19,943,847)	(20,817,798)
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 16,522,729	$ 1,021,897
Common Stock
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each IPO unit (in shares) \| shares			1
Warrant
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each IPO unit (in shares) \| shares			1
Initial Public Offering
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold (shares) \| shares			3,864,000
Offering price per unit (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 6.125
Net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions			$ 19,400,000
Underwriters' discounts and commissions			2,200,000
Offering expenses			$ 2,100,000
Number of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock (shares) \| shares			2,850,280
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants			$ 84,676
Fair value of warrants			$ 400,000
Percentage of offering price per unit			100.00%
Initial Public Offering \| Common Stock
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold (shares) \| shares				3,864,000
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount			$ 14,900,000
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, (shares) \| shares			3,239,294	2,850,280
Initial Public Offering \| Maximum
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants to underwriters to purchase of common stock (shares) \| shares			115,920
Underwriters' Over-Allotment Option
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold (shares) \| shares			504,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) segment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 252,594	$ 252,594
Inventory write-down	1,287,000	364,437
Impairment of property and equipment	$ 0	604,511
Number of operating segments \| segment	1
Preferred warrants
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Fair value of common warrants issued	$ 0
Initial Public Offering
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred public offering costs	4,700,000
Fair value of common warrants issued	$ 400,000
Number of warrants issued to purchase common stock (shares) \| shares	115,920
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 9.1875
Irys Instruments
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Inventory write-down	$ 1,300,000	400,000
Inventory net realizable value	$ 0	$ 1,300,000
Customer Concentration Risk \| Accounts Receivable \| Ultravision Technology Ltd.
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	13.00%	21.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Accounts Receivable \| BioStar Company
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	12.00%	15.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Accounts Receivable \| HistoGenetics
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	1.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue \| Ultravision Technology Ltd.
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	6.00%	15.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue \| BioStar Company
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	5.00%	6.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue \| Berry Genomics Corporation
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	5.00%	4.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue \| Gene Company Ltd
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	7.00%	6.00%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 4,514,333	$ 3,614,214
Provision	0	(262,000)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 4,514,333	$ 3,352,214

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Materials and supplies	$ 161,468	$ 203,085
Finished Goods	907,089	1,490,657
Total	$ 1,068,557	$ 1,693,742

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Revenue from Customers by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 4,013,537	$ 2,828,704	$ 3,390,009	$ 1,768,485	$ 2,845,123	$ 2,743,056	$ 2,196,110	$ 1,720,754	$ 12,000,735	$ 9,505,043
North America
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue									4,594,814	3,801,481
EMEIA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue									3,954,693	1,282,897
Asia Pacific
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 3,451,228	$ 4,420,665
Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Percent of revenue									100.00%	100.00%
Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| North America
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Percent of revenue									38.00%	40.00%
Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| EMEIA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Percent of revenue									33.00%	13.00%
Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Asia Pacific
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Percent of revenue									29.00%	47.00%
Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Percent of revenue									38.00%	37.00%
Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| China
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Percent of revenue									17.00%	28.00%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities not Included in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	5,345,354	4,141,833
Convertible preferred stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	0	2,850,280
Common stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	1,282,847	436,341
Preferred warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	0	855,212
Common warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	4,062,507	0

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets And Liabilities (Details) - Fair Value on Recurring Basis - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	$ 16,522,729	$ 1,021,897
Liabilities		3,898,944
Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	16,522,729	1,021,897
Preferred stock warrant liability
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Liabilities		3,898,944
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	16,522,729	1,021,897
Liabilities		0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	16,522,729	1,021,897
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Preferred stock warrant liability
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Liabilities		0
Significant Other Observable Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	0	0
Liabilities		0
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Preferred stock warrant liability
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Liabilities		0
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	0	0
Liabilities		3,898,944
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	$ 0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Preferred stock warrant liability
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Liabilities		$ 3,898,944

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - Initial Public Offering	1 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018 shares
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for convertible preferred stock (shares)	0
Warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock	37,200,000
Warrants expired on the effective date	35,700,000
Remaining warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock adjusted to become exercisable for common stock	1,500,000

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Changes in Level 3 Liabilities (Details) - Warrants - Significant Unobservable Inputs - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ 3,898,944	$ 4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants		(1,424)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants	(3,991,081)	(750,509)
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt	176,813
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common stock warrants due to IPO	(84,676)
Balance	$ 0	$ 3,898,944

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Quantitative Information Relating to Unobservable Inputs (Details) - Black-Scholes-Merton Model	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares
Fair value of Series A preferred stock
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	$ 0	$ 0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	0	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	0	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	$ 0	$ 0.48
Risk-free interest rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.00	0.0175
Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.00	0.5460
Expected life
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Expected life	0 years	7 months 6 days
Dividend Yield
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.00	0.00

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]
Prepayment to supplier	$ 74,685	$ 492,330
Prepaid insurance	460,684	29,119
Other current assets	384,131	550,063
Total	$ 919,500	$ 1,071,512

Property and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 6,939,666	$ 6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation	(5,162,364)	(3,921,565)
Property and equipment, net	1,777,302	3,005,788
Computer and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	476,402	476,402
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,437,794	3,995,731
Service equipment placed at customer sites
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	149,823	594,553
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,875,647	$ 1,860,667

Property and Equipment, net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 1,320,521	$ 1,504,042

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accrued expenses	$ 2,134,981	$ 2,596,137
Accrued bonus	765,148	912,757
Total	$ 2,900,129	$ 3,508,894

Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Western Alliance LSA (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 29, 2018	Jun. 13, 2018	Dec. 09, 2016	Mar. 08, 2016	Dec. 31, 2018	Nov. 18, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 20, 2017	Mar. 04, 2016
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance cost and facility fee				$ 113,542
Percentage of total amount borrowed				3.25%
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)			$ 0.48	$ 0.48					$ 0.48000		$ 0.41
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	$ 0.48								$ 0.48000
Current Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount charge				$ 227,500
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan	$ 7,000,000
Debt discount charge									$ 227,500
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)					$ 6.99
Default to secure minimum sale or issuance of equity securities or subordinated debt									15,000,000
Reclassified total loan balance to current liabilities									$ 6,700,000
Required secure funding		$ 5,000,000						$ 21,000,000
Total cash collected from customers		$ 2,500,000
Success fee					$ 160,000	$ 210,000
Western Alliance LSA \| Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)							$ 20.56
Shares of common stock (shares)							11,925
Western Alliance LSA \| Current Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amendment fee										$ 17,500
Term Loan \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)							$ 20.56
Shares of common stock (shares)							6,814
Term Loan \| Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from loan				$ 7,000,000
Term Loan \| Western Alliance LSA \| Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares issued (shares)				510,417
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)				$ 0.48
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense				$ 65,384
Term Loan \| Western Alliance LSA \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares issued (shares)			291,667
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense			$ 34,300
Term Loan \| Square 1 Loan and Security Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan				$ 5,000,000

Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - MidCap Financial CSA (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 29, 2018 USD ($) Tranche $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Aug. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares) \| shares	625,000
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.48			$ 0.48000
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock \| Expected life
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term		10 years
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock \| Risk-free interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term		0.0293
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock \| Volatility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term		0.6228
Term Loan \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 20.56
Shares of common stock (shares) \| shares			6,814
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	$ 15,000,000
Number of tranches \| Tranche	3
Annual interest rate bears	7.50%
LIBOR subject to floor rate	1.50%
Debt instrument maturity period	60 months
Debt instrument interest only portion maturity period	18 months
Debt instrument principal and interest maturity period	42 months
Debt issuance fees paid	$ 300,000
Prepayment fee percentage	4.00%
Additional amount invested in term loan facility		$ 1,000,000
MidCap Financial CSA \| Term Loan \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares) \| shares	625,000
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.48
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense	$ 200,000
Shares of common stock (shares) \| shares			14,602
MidCap Financial CSA \| Term Loan \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock \| Expected life
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term	10 years
MidCap Financial CSA \| Term Loan \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock \| Risk-free interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term	0.0283
MidCap Financial CSA \| Term Loan \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock \| Volatility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term	0.59
MidCap Financial CSA \| Other Long-term Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount charge		$ 400,000
MidCap Financial CSA \| First Year
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	4.00%
MidCap Financial CSA \| Second Year
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	3.00%
MidCap Financial CSA \| Thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	2.00%
MidCap Financial CSA \| Tranche 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	$ 10,000,000
Term loan facility borrowed from Tranche 1	10,000,000
MidCap Financial CSA \| Tranche 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	2,500,000
MidCap Financial CSA \| Tranche 3
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	2,500,000
Trailing twelve month revenue	16,000,000
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan	$ 7,000,000
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares		$ 6.99

Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 02, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018	Feb. 09, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount		$ 14,898,327	$ 0
Convertible notes outstanding		0
Accretion of debt discount		$ (181,991)	$ (96,576)
Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount	$ 14,900,000
Convertible Notes \| Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, (shares)	3,239,294
Note Purchase Agreement \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase the principal amount available for issuance				$ 18,400,000	$ 19,400,000
Note Purchase Agreement \| Convertible Notes \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original principal amount						$ 16,000,000

Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 0	$ 6,729,752
Long-term debt	9,029,374	0
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value		7,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(99,684)
End of term charge		(227,500)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(131,042)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value		39,753
Balance		6,729,752
Current portion of long-term debt		6,729,752
Long-term debt		$ 0
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813)
End of term charge	(400,000)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(499,354)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value	17,682
Balance	9,029,374
Current portion of long-term debt	0
Long-term debt	$ 9,029,374

Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Including Interest (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 0	$ 6,729,752
Long-term debt	9,029,374	$ 0
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2019	1,002,000
2020	3,727,929
2021	3,441,643
2022	3,155,357
2023	1,870,321
Total minimum loan payments	13,197,250
Unamortized interest	(2,797,250)
End of term charge	(400,000)
Warrant fair value	(159,132)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(811,494)
Balance	9,029,374
Current portion of long-term debt	0
Long-term debt	$ 9,029,374

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Common Stock and Preferred Stock Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 23, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	200,000,000	243,160,120	200,000,000
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued	10,055,072	77,257
Proceeds from option exercises	$ 3,499	$ 14,295
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Share issued exercise options (shares)	2,062	7,079
Proceeds from option exercises	$ 3,499	$ 14,294

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Convertible Preferred Stock Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	10 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2016
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)			121,992,497
Company value		$ 91,000,000
Amount distributed to the holders in excess of company's value		$ 10,000,000
Employee Options
Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (USD per share)		$ 6.00	$ 1.28
Convertible preferred stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0			121,992,497
Number of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock (shares)		42.8		42.8
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock		$ 15,000,000
Shares issued, price per share (USD per share)		$ 6.00
Dividend rate		8.00%
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0	345,587			345,587
Conversion price per share (USD per share)		$ 1.3995		$ 1.3995
Original issuance price (USD per share)		$ 2.733
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0	8,058,170			8,058,170
Conversion price per share (USD per share)				1.3995
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0	3,437,950			3,437,950
Conversion price per share (USD per share)				1.3995
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0	23,357,047			23,357,047
Conversion price per share (USD per share)		$ 1.4043		1.4043
Original issuance price (USD per share)		$ 1.4043
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0	20,652,486			20,652,486
Conversion price per share (USD per share)		$ 0.48		$ 0.48
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)		0	66,141,257			29,166,671
Conversion price per share (USD per share)	$ 0.48	$ 0.48
Temporary equity shares sold and issued (shares)	36,974,586		36,974,586
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock	$ 17,590,000
Temporary equity stock issuance costs	$ 154,191

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Schedule Of Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 09, 2016	Mar. 08, 2016	Mar. 04, 2016	Sep. 09, 2014	Jun. 12, 2014	Dec. 11, 2013	Sep. 17, 2013	Jul. 03, 2012
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized			218,044,977
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding			121,992,497
Liquidation Preference			$ 91,033,766
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0		418,767
Purchase Price Per Share (USD per share)			$ 1.39950
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0		345,587	345,587
Liquidation Preference			$ 483,649
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0		8,101,042
Purchase Price Per Share (USD per share)			$ 1.39950
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0		8,058,170	8,058,170
Liquidation Preference			$ 11,277,409
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0		7,523,734
Purchase Price Per Share (USD per share)			$ 1.39950						$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0		3,437,950	3,437,950
Liquidation Preference			$ 4,811,411
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0		23,357,047
Purchase Price Per Share (USD per share)			$ 1.40430					$ 1.4043
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0		23,357,047	23,357,047
Liquidation Preference			$ 32,800,301
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0		52,835,720
Purchase Price Per Share (USD per share)			$ 0.48000		$ 0.48	$ 0.48	$ 0.41
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0		20,652,486	20,652,486
Liquidation Preference			$ 9,913,193
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0		125,808,667
Purchase Price Per Share (USD per share)		$ 0.48	$ 0.48000
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0		66,141,257	29,166,671
Liquidation Preference			$ 31,747,803

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Warrants Narrative (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 19, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares	Dec. 09, 2016 $ / shares shares	Mar. 08, 2016 $ / shares shares	Mar. 04, 2016 $ / shares shares	Nov. 11, 2014 shares	Sep. 09, 2014 $ / shares shares	Jun. 12, 2014 $ / shares shares	Dec. 11, 2013 $ / shares shares	Sep. 17, 2013 $ / shares shares	Jul. 03, 2012 $ / shares shares
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares)										715,766	10,718	1,480,988	64,309
Increase in warrants (shares)												2,123,528
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares				$ 1.39950						$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares)								6,527,568	4,450,616
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares				1.40430					$ 1.4043
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares)					291,667	510,417	31,672,817
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares				0.48000	$ 0.48	$ 0.48	$ 0.41
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares)			625,000
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.48	$ 0.48000
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 8.25				$ 6.99	$ 20.56
Term	5 years
Common Stock \| LifeSci Capital, LLC
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares)	44,183
Payments to issue warrants \| $	$ 150,000
Common Stock \| Russell Creative Group
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares (shares)	3,311
Payments to issue warrants \| $	$ 15,000
Expected life \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term		10 years
Risk-free interest rate \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term		0.0293
Volatility \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term		0.6228

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Stock Options Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)		5,714,588	4,199,733
Employee Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price (USD per share)		$ 6.00	$ 1.28
Total grant date fair value of vested options		$ 957,387	$ 365,154
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	1,499,454
Number of new shares issued under plan (in shares)	1,000,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase		5.00%
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options (in shares)		1,282,847
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	175,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase	1.00%
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options (in shares)		1,282,847	436,341	43,596
Exercise price (USD per share)		$ 7.69	$ 1.28
Weighted-average grant date fair value (USD per share)		$ 6.99	$ 1.28

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan (Details) - 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan - 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Shares
Beginning balance (shares)	436,341	43,596
Granted (shares)	886,023	461,978
Exercised (shares)	(2,062)	(7,077)
Canceled (shares)	(37,455)	(62,156)
Ending balance (shares)	1,282,847	436,341	43,596
Vested and expected to vest (shares)	1,273,745
Vested and exercisable (shares)	494,968
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (USD per share)	$ 5.14	$ 42.80
Granted (USD per share)	7.69	1.28
Exercised (USD per share)	1.70	2.14
Canceled (USD per share)	5.20	3.42
Ending balance (USD per share)	6.90	5.14	$ 42.80
Vested and expected to vest (USD per share)	6.85
Vested and exercisable (USD per share)	$ 6.99	$ 1.28
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding	9 years 2 months 12 days	9 years	8 years
Vested and expected to vest	9 years 2 months 6 days
Vested and exercisable	8 years 8 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning balance	$ 0	$ 0
Exercised	6,046	80,959
Ending balance	1,461,567	$ 0	$ 0
Vested and expected to vest	1,426,092
Vested and exercisable	$ 1,029,435

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,193,873	$ 382,830
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	260,840	128,210
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 933,033	$ 254,620

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions in Black -Scholes Option Pricing Model (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	2.50%	1.80%
Expected volatility	62.00%	58.00%
Expected term	4 years	5 years 1 month 6 days
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	3.00%	2.00%
Expected volatility	64.00%	67.00%
Expected term	5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 3 months 18 days

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Stock-Based Compensation Expense Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Equity [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options	$ 2,888,363
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options, period for recognition	2 years 10 months 24 days

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan Narrative (Details) - shares	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)		5,714,588	4,199,733
Number of common stock purchased under plan (shares)		22,179
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	175,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase	1.00%
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Maximum
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	220,000

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	5,714,588	4,199,733
Convertible preferred stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	0	2,850,276
Stock options issued and outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	1,282,847	436,341
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	369,234	57,904
Preferred warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	0	855,212
Common warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	4,062,507	0

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2018 ft²	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Rent expense		$ 556,321	$ 590,089
Amortization of the leasehold incentive obligation		225,052	225,052
Area of sublease (in square feet) \| ft²	16,607
Rental income		0
Amount of royalty expense paid		377,437	$ 233,128
Annual future minimum royalty payments		90,000
Contractual commitment with supplier to purchase products remainder of fiscal year		$ 165,000
Continuous purchase period		3 months
Initial purchase period		2 years
Termination period		90 days
Forecast
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Annual future minimum royalty payments				$ 110,000

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Required under Non-Cancelable Leases (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Gross Payments
2019	$ 844,812
2020	902,412
Total minimum lease payments	1,747,224
Scheduled Sublease Payments
2019	(388,797)
2020	(464,334)
Total minimum lease payments	853,131
Net Payments
2019	456,015
2020	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$ 894,093

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 35,104,728	$ 30,528,420
Research and development credits	4,577,582	4,078,522
Other	1,725,577	1,163,659
Total gross	41,407,887	35,770,601
Valuation allowance	(41,407,887)	(35,770,601)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Provision for Domestic and Foreign Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Foreign	$ 13,955	$ 16,996
State and local	1,556	1,556
Income tax provision	$ 15,511	$ 18,552

Income Taxes - Domestic and Foreign Components of Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (18,515,638)	$ (23,455,215)
Foreign	34,757	108,403
Loss before income taxes	$ (18,480,881)	$ (23,346,812)

Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income taxes at statutory rate	$ (3,880,985)	$ (7,939,076)
State income taxes, net of federal benefits	(476,179)	(376,232)
Change in valuation allowance	5,617,471	(7,523,665)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	0	16,552,989
Other permanent differences	95,852	426,903
Research Credits	(502,511)	(866,710)
Change in Fair value of Warrants	(838,137)	(255,657)
Income tax expense	$ 15,511	$ 18,552

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Reduction to deferred tax asset	$ 16,600,000
Valuation allowance	$ (35,770,601)	$ (41,407,887)
Federal
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards		147,600,000
Operating loss carryforwards that do not expire		19,300,000
Federal \| Research credit
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward		4,500,000
State
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards		58,000,000
Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration		128,300,000
State \| Research credit \| California
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward		$ 4,000,000

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the year	$ 3,018,563	$ 2,451,121
Additions/(reductions) for tax positions - prior year	0	0
Increase related to current year positions	370,573	567,442
Balance at the end of the year	$ 3,389,136	$ 3,018,563

Employee Benefits - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Contribution amount	$ 272,507	$ 395,360

Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Total revenue	$ 4,013,537	$ 2,828,704	$ 3,390,009	$ 1,768,485	$ 2,845,123	$ 2,743,056	$ 2,196,110	$ 1,720,754	$ 12,000,735	$ 9,505,043
Total cost of revenue	2,988,115	3,068,332	1,813,430	841,449	1,496,172	1,690,223	1,638,853	1,205,264	8,711,326	6,030,512
Operating Expenses	7,123,985	5,729,212	5,588,800	5,262,497	6,588,304	6,083,995	7,317,565	6,703,475	23,704,494	26,693,339
Net loss	$ 6,411,457	$ 4,926,097	$ 3,311,476	$ 3,847,362	$ 5,919,924	$ 5,085,452	$ 6,674,458	$ 5,685,530	$ (18,496,392)	$ (23,365,364)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details